Increased inflammatory reaction in tail-suspension mice infected by K.pneumoniae from spaceflight / 军事医学

Objective To explore the changes in inflammatory reactions in tail-suspension mice infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae from spaceflight.Methods Tail suspension was used to simulate the physiological effects of microgravity.C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control (Con),control+K.pneumoniae T16-169 (Con+T16-169),tail suspension (TS) and tail suspension+K.pneumoniae T16-169 (TS+T16-169) groups.The level of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA in lung tissue and the plasma cytokine concentration were detected by RT-qPCR and xMAP technology,and HE staining was used to represent the morphological changes in lung tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue and plasma concentrations of all experimental groups were increased,and the difference in TS+T16-169 group was the most significant (P<0.01 or P<0.001).HE staining showed that the lung tissues in Con+T16-169 and TS+T16-169 groups were damaged in different degrees,and the damage of TS+T16-169 group was the most serious.Conclusion The K.pneumoniae from spaceflight significantly increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue and plasma concentrations after infecting tail-suspension mice,and induces more serious damages to the lung tissue,which suggests that inflammatory reactions can be increased in tail suspension mice infected by K.pneumoniae from spaceflight.

Studies on the Mutation Effects of Spaceflight Treatment on Tomato / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To select excellent tomato mutants by space treatment and to cultivate directly new varieties for production application and good seed resource.Methods Seeds of tomato cultivar were carried into space by scientific experiment recoverable satellite.The main agricultural characters of tomato mutant were observed and analyzed.Results Seeds of determinate growth habit tomato cultivar T10-3-2 were carried into space in 2002 by a recoverable satellite(Shenzhou 4).After cultivation and selection,two tomato variants(H1 and H2) and their offspring populations were obtained in SP2.Variations included quantitative character variations such as maturity,fruit characters and fruit trait,as well as genetic character variations such as changes from determinate growth to indeterminate growth of plant growth habits,and from the no shoulders to the green shoulders of fruits.These two kinds of changes were dominant mutations,and could inherit stably.The research also indicated that variations(amplitude,standard deviation and coefficient of variation) of each generation of two mutants,reduced along with generation increasing.It was showed these characters to be easily stable.Conclusion Tomato seeds loaded on spacecraft can truly form the tomato character variation,and the variation character may be stably inherited.

Studies on Selection and Biological Characters of Tomato Indeterminate Growth Habit Mutant Derived from Space Treatment / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To select excellent tomato mutants by space treatment and to cultivate directively new varieties for production application.Method Growth dynamics and change of agricultural characters of the mutant of indeterminate growth habit was observed.And the enzymogram and activity of two kinds of main isoenzyme were analyzed.Result An indeterminate growth habit mutant(M1) which derived from a determinate growth habit cultivar(10-3-2) was obtained from the 1st generation after space treatment(SP_1).Being an inherited character,the indeterminate growth habit of the mutant can be expressed from generation to generation.The plant height of M1 was 145 cm,42.0 cm higher than that of the background one(increased by 29.6%),when the background plant height was determined.The main stem diameter of the mutant was 1.22 cm,0.34 cm thicker than that of background parent.However,there were no visible difference in the fruit size and fruit set percentage between them.The biological characters of M1 and its progenies were studied,and the results showed that the indeterminate growth have no side effects on the agronomic characters and fruit quality,and the mutant had a potentiality of higher yield if the condition is suitable.The activity of two enzymes,SOD and POD,was assayed and there were no obvious difference of SOD activities and enzymograms between the mutant and its background parent,but POD activity was much lower in mutant than that in its background parent.Conclusion After observation through 3 generations,it is found that indetermination growth habit is inheritable and stable.